本文共 12265 字,大约阅读时间需要 40 分钟。
WIFI就是一种无线联网技术,常见的是使用无线路由器。那么在这个无线路由器的信号覆盖的范围内都可以采用WIFI连接的方式进行联网。如果无线路由器连接了一个ADSL线路或其他的联网线路,则又被称为“热点”。
在Android中对Wifi操作,android本身提供了一些有用的包,在android.net.wifi包下面,主要包括以下几个类和接口:
1.ScanResult
主要用来描述已经检测出的接入点,包括接入点的地址,接入点的名称,身份认证,频率,信号强度等信息。其实就是通过wifi 硬件的扫描来获取一些周边的wifi 热点的信息。
2.WifiConfiguration
Wifi网络的配置,包括安全设置等,在我们连通一个wifi 接入点的时候,需要获取到的一些信息。主要包含四个属性:
BSSID:
BSS是一种特殊的Ad-hoc LAN(一种支持点对点访问的无线网络应用模式)的应用,一个无线网络至少由一个连接到有线网络的AP和若干无线工作站组成,这种配置称为一个基本服务装置。一群计算机设定相同的 BSS名称,即可自成一个group,而此BSS名称,即所谓BSSID。通常,手机WLAN中,bssid其实就是无线路由的MAC地址。
3.WifiInfo
wifi无线连接的描述,包括(接入点,网络连接状态,隐藏的接入点,IP地址,连接速度,MAC地址,网络ID,信号强度等信息)。这里简单介绍一下WifiManager中常用的方法:
getSSID() | 获得SSID(热点名称) |
getBSSID() | 获取BSSID |
getDetailedStateOf() | 获取客户端的连通性 |
getHiddenSSID() | 获得SSID 是否被隐藏 |
getIpAddress() | 获取IP 地址 |
getLinkSpeed() | 获得连接的速度 |
getMacAddress() | 获得Mac 地址 |
getRssi() | 获得802.11n 网络的信号 |
4.WifiManager
wifi连接统一管理类,获取WIFI网卡的状态(WIFI网卡的状态是由一系列的整形常量来表示的)
WIFI_STATE_DISABLING = 0 | WIFI网卡正在关闭 |
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED = 1 | WIFI网卡不可用 |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLING = 2 | WIFI网正在打开 (WIFI启动需要一段时间) |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLED = 3 | WIFI网卡可用 |
WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN = 4 | 未知网卡状态 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING = 10 | WIFI热点正在关闭 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED = 11 | WIFI热点不可用 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING = 12 | WIFI热点正在打开 |
WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED = 13 | WIFI热点可用 |
5. 在AndroidManifest.xml进行对WIFI操作的权限设置
1 2 3 4 5 | <!-- 以下是使用wifi访问网络所需的权限 --> <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" ></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" ></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" ></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" ></uses-permission> |
下面是汇总的一个wifi管理工具类,我完善了一下,并加上了详细的注解,很实用的!
WifiAdmin类: (wifi管理工具类)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 | package com.zhf.wifidemo.wifi.utils; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import android.content.Context; import android.net.wifi.ScanResult; import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration; import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo; import android.net.wifi.WifiManager; /** * WIFI管理类 * @author ZHF * */ public class WifiAdmin { private static WifiAdmin wifiAdmin = null ; private List<WifiConfiguration> mWifiConfiguration; //无线网络配置信息类集合(网络连接列表) private List<ScanResult> mWifiList; //检测到接入点信息类 集合 //描述任何Wifi连接状态 private WifiInfo mWifiInfo; WifiManager.WifiLock mWifilock; //能够阻止wifi进入睡眠状态,使wifi一直处于活跃状态 public WifiManager mWifiManager; /** * 获取该类的实例(懒汉) * @param context * @return */ public static WifiAdmin getInstance(Context context) { if (wifiAdmin == null ) { wifiAdmin = new WifiAdmin(context); return wifiAdmin; } return null ; } private WifiAdmin(Context context) { //获取系统Wifi服务 WIFI_SERVICE this .mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService( "wifi" ); //获取连接信息 this .mWifiInfo = this .mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo(); } /** * 是否存在网络信息 * @param str 热点名称 * @return */ private WifiConfiguration isExsits(String str) { Iterator localIterator = this .mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks().iterator(); WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration; do { if (!localIterator.hasNext()) return null ; localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localIterator.next(); } while (!localWifiConfiguration.SSID.equals( "\"" + str + "\"" )); return localWifiConfiguration; } /**锁定WifiLock,当下载大文件时需要锁定 **/ public void AcquireWifiLock() { this .mWifilock.acquire(); } /**创建一个WifiLock**/ public void CreateWifiLock() { this .mWifilock = this .mWifiManager.createWifiLock( "Test" ); } /**解锁WifiLock**/ public void ReleaseWifilock() { if (mWifilock.isHeld()) { //判断时候锁定 mWifilock.acquire(); } } /**打开Wifi**/ public void OpenWifi() { if (! this .mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()){ //当前wifi不可用 this .mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled( true ); } } /**关闭Wifi**/ public void closeWifi() { if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) { mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled( false ); } } /**端口指定id的wifi**/ public void disconnectWifi( int paramInt) { this .mWifiManager.disableNetwork(paramInt); } /**添加指定网络**/ public void addNetwork(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration) { int i = mWifiManager.addNetwork(paramWifiConfiguration); mWifiManager.enableNetwork(i, true ); } /** * 连接指定配置好的网络 * @param index 配置好网络的ID */ public void connectConfiguration( int index) { // 索引大于配置好的网络索引返回 if (index > mWifiConfiguration.size()) { return ; } //连接配置好的指定ID的网络 mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.get(index).networkId, true ); } /** * 根据wifi信息创建或关闭一个热点 * @param paramWifiConfiguration * @param paramBoolean 关闭标志 */ public void createWifiAP(WifiConfiguration paramWifiConfiguration, boolean paramBoolean) { try { Class localClass = this .mWifiManager.getClass(); Class[] arrayOfClass = new Class[ 2 ]; arrayOfClass[ 0 ] = WifiConfiguration. class ; arrayOfClass[ 1 ] = Boolean.TYPE; Method localMethod = localClass.getMethod( "setWifiApEnabled" ,arrayOfClass); WifiManager localWifiManager = this .mWifiManager; Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[ 2 ]; arrayOfObject[ 0 ] = paramWifiConfiguration; arrayOfObject[ 1 ] = Boolean.valueOf(paramBoolean); localMethod.invoke(localWifiManager, arrayOfObject); return ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 创建一个wifi信息 * @param ssid 名称 * @param passawrd 密码 * @param paramInt 有3个参数,1是无密码,2是简单密码,3是wap加密 * @param type 是"ap"还是"wifi" * @return */ public WifiConfiguration createWifiInfo(String ssid, String passawrd, int paramInt, String type) { //配置网络信息类 WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration1 = new WifiConfiguration(); //设置配置网络属性 localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear(); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.clear(); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.clear(); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear(); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.clear(); if (type.equals( "wt" )) { //wifi连接 localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = ( "\"" + ssid + "\"" ); WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration2 = isExsits(ssid); if (localWifiConfiguration2 != null ) { mWifiManager.removeNetwork(localWifiConfiguration2.networkId); //从列表中删除指定的网络配置网络 } if (paramInt == 1 ) { //没有密码 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[ 0 ] = "" ; localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0 ; } else if (paramInt == 2 ) { //简单密码 localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true ; localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[ 0 ] = ( "\"" + passawrd + "\"" ); } else { //wap加密 localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = ( "\"" + passawrd + "\"" ); localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true ; localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set( 2 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set( 1 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set( 1 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set( 3 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set( 2 ); } } else { //"ap" wifi热点 localWifiConfiguration1.SSID = ssid; localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set( 1 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0 ; if (paramInt == 1 ) { //没有密码 localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[ 0 ] = "" ; localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.wepTxKeyIndex = 0 ; } else if (paramInt == 2 ) { //简单密码 localWifiConfiguration1.hiddenSSID = true ; //网络上不广播ssid localWifiConfiguration1.wepKeys[ 0 ] = passawrd; } else if (paramInt == 3 ) { //wap加密 localWifiConfiguration1.preSharedKey = passawrd; localWifiConfiguration1.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set( 1 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedProtocols.set( 0 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedKeyManagement.set( 1 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set( 2 ); localWifiConfiguration1.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set( 1 ); } } return localWifiConfiguration1; } /**获取热点名**/ public String getApSSID() { try { Method localMethod = this .mWifiManager.getClass().getDeclaredMethod( "getWifiApConfiguration" , new Class[ 0 ]); if (localMethod == null ) return null ; Object localObject1 = localMethod.invoke( this .mWifiManager, new Object[ 0 ]); if (localObject1 == null ) return null ; WifiConfiguration localWifiConfiguration = (WifiConfiguration) localObject1; if (localWifiConfiguration.SSID != null ) return localWifiConfiguration.SSID; Field localField1 = WifiConfiguration. class .getDeclaredField( "mWifiApProfile" ); if (localField1 == null ) return null ; localField1.setAccessible( true ); Object localObject2 = localField1.get(localWifiConfiguration); localField1.setAccessible( false ); if (localObject2 == null ) return null ; Field localField2 = localObject2.getClass().getDeclaredField( "SSID" ); localField2.setAccessible( true ); Object localObject3 = localField2.get(localObject2); if (localObject3 == null ) return null ; localField2.setAccessible( false ); String str = (String) localObject3; return str; } catch (Exception localException) { } return null ; } /**获取wifi名**/ public String getBSSID() { if ( this .mWifiInfo == null ) return "NULL" ; return this .mWifiInfo.getBSSID(); } /**得到配置好的网络 **/ public List<WifiConfiguration> getConfiguration() { return this .mWifiConfiguration; } /**获取ip地址**/ public int getIPAddress() { return (mWifiInfo == null ) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getIpAddress(); } /**获取物理地址(Mac)**/ public String getMacAddress() { return (mWifiInfo == null ) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getMacAddress(); } /**获取网络id**/ public int getNetworkId() { return (mWifiInfo == null ) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getNetworkId(); } /**获取热点创建状态**/ public int getWifiApState() { try { int i = ((Integer) this .mWifiManager.getClass() .getMethod( "getWifiApState" , new Class[ 0 ]) .invoke( this .mWifiManager, new Object[ 0 ])).intValue(); return i; } catch (Exception localException) { } return 4 ; //未知wifi网卡状态 } /**获取wifi连接信息**/ public WifiInfo getWifiInfo() { return this .mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo(); } /** 得到网络列表**/ public List<ScanResult> getWifiList() { return this .mWifiList; } /**查看扫描结果**/ public StringBuilder lookUpScan() { StringBuilder localStringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < mWifiList.size(); i++) { localStringBuilder.append( "Index_" + new Integer(i + 1 ).toString() + ":" ); //将ScanResult信息转换成一个字符串包 //其中把包括:BSSID、SSID、capabilities、frequency、level localStringBuilder.append((mWifiList.get(i)).toString()); localStringBuilder.append( "\n" ); } return localStringBuilder; } /** 设置wifi搜索结果 **/ public void setWifiList() { this .mWifiList = this .mWifiManager.getScanResults(); } /**开始搜索wifi**/ public void startScan() { this .mWifiManager.startScan(); } /**得到接入点的BSSID**/ public String GetBSSID() { return (mWifiInfo == null ) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getBSSID(); } } |
最后,成功连接到wifi后,通过本机IP地址便可以进行相关网络开发,在下一篇中我会讲解一个WIFI热点搜索、创建、连接的Demo(),希望能帮助到大家!